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1 граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ocean-air interface
The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > граница между воздухом и поверхностью океана
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2 обработка питьевой воды
обработка питьевой воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
drinking water treatment
The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required. (Source: PORT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > обработка питьевой воды
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3 просачивание воды
просачивание воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water seepage
The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > просачивание воды
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4 водосборная система
водосборная система
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
drainage system
A surface stream, or a body of impounded surface water, together with all other such streams and water bodies that are tributary to it and by which a region is drained. An artificial drainage system includes also surface and subsurface conduits. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водосборная система
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5 влажность почвы
влажность почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil moisture
1) Water stored in soils.
2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms:
a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water.
b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution.
c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water.
(Source: LANDY / DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > влажность почвы
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6 управление открытыми водоемами
управление открытыми водоемами
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
surface water management
The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.). (Source: RHW / TOE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > управление открытыми водоемами
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7 взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air-water interaction
The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. (Source: WATER / CEIS)
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- interaction air/eau
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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8 бытовые жидкие отходы
бытовые жидкие отходы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
domestic waste water
Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water. (Source: WWC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > бытовые жидкие отходы
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9 просачивание воды в грунт
просачивание воды в грунт
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water infiltration into the ground
The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores. (Source: DUNSTE)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > просачивание воды в грунт
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10 циркуляция водных слоев
циркуляция водных слоев
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
overturn (limnology)
The circulation, especially in the fall and spring, of the layers of water in a lake or sea, whereby surface water sinks and mixes with bottom water; it is caused by changes in density differences due to changes in temperature, and is especially common wherever lakes are icebound in winter. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > циркуляция водных слоев
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11 смешанные сточные воды
смешанные сточные воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
combined waste water
A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff. (Source: ISEP / WWC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > смешанные сточные воды
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12 затопление мусора
затопление мусора
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sinking of waste
A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water. (Source: RHW)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > затопление мусора
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13 свалка опасных отходов
свалка опасных отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hazardous waste dump
Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off. (Source: PARCOR / WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > свалка опасных отходов
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14 система дренажа
система дренажа
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
built drainage system
Collection of open and/or closed drains, together with structures and pumps used to collect and dispose of excess surface or subsurface water. (Source: LANDY)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > система дренажа
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15 вода из родника
вода из родника
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
spring water
Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground. (Source: WQA)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вода из родника
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16 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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17 поверхностный сток воды
поверхностный сток воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
surface runoff
Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. (Source: BJGEO)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > поверхностный сток воды
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18 циркуляция морской воды
циркуляция морской воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sea circulation
Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > циркуляция морской воды
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19 отопление на основе солнечной энергии
отопление на основе солнечной энергии
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
solar heating
A domestic or industrial heating system that makes direct use of solar energy. The simplest form consists of a collector through which a fluid is pumped. The circuit also contains some form of heat storage tank and an alternative energy source to provide energy when the sun is not shining. The collector usually consists of a black surface through which water is piped, the black surface being enclosed behind glass sheets to make use of the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > отопление на основе солнечной энергии
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20 почвенный процесс
почвенный процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil process
The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > почвенный процесс
См. также в других словарях:
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Water supply and sanitation in Spain — is characterized by universal access and generally good service quality, while tariffs are among the lowest in the EU. [ [http://www.iwahq.org/uploads/sgs/sg%20on%20statistic%20and%20ec/doc%20and%20reports/IWA%20international%20statistics%200806.p… … Wikipedia
